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kubernetes核心实战（二）---Pod+ReplicaSet 3、podPod 是可以在 Kubernetes 中创建和管理的、最小的可部署的计算单元。Pod （就像在鲸鱼荚或者豌豆荚中）是一组（一个或多个） 容器；这些容器共享存储、网络、以及怎样运行这些容器的声明。Pod 中的内容总是并置（colocated）的并且一同调度，在共享的上下文中运行。Pod 所建模的是特定于应用的“逻辑主机”，其中包含一个或多个应用容器， 这些容器是相对紧密的耦合在一起的。在非云环境中，在相同的物理机或虚拟机上运行的应用类似于 在同一逻辑主机上运行的云应用。除了应用容器，Pod 还可以包含在 Pod 启动期间运行的 Init 容器。你也可以在集群中支持临时性容器 的情况外，为调试的目的注入临时性容器。使用 Pod通常你不需要直接创建 Pod，甚至单实例 Pod。相反，你会使用诸如 Deployment 或 Job 这类工作负载资源 来创建 Pod。如果 Pod 需要跟踪状态， 可以考虑 StatefulSet 资源。Kubernetes 集群中的 Pod 主要有两种用法：运行单个容器的 Pod。"每个 Pod 一个容器"模型是最常见的 Kubernetes 用例；在这种情况下，可以将 Pod 看作单个容器的包装器，并且 Kubernetes 直接管理 Pod，而不是容器。运行多个协同工作的容器的 Pod。Pod 可能封装由多个紧密耦合且需要共享资源的共处容器组成的应用程序。这些位于同一位置的容器可能形成单个内聚的服务单元 —— 一个容器将文件从共享卷提供给公众， 而另一个单独的“挂斗”（sidecar）容器则刷新或更新这些文件。Pod 将这些容器和存储资源打包为一个可管理的实体。说明：将多个并置、同管的容器组织到一个 Pod 中是一种相对高级的使用场景。只有在一些场景中，容器之间紧密关联时你才应该使用这种模式。每个 Pod 都旨在运行给定应用程序的单个实例。如果希望横向扩展应用程序（例如，运行多个实例 以提供更多的资源），则应该使用多个 Pod，每个实例使用一个 Pod。在 Kubernetes 中，这通常被称为 副本（Replication）。通常使用一种工作负载资源及其控制器 来创建和管理一组 Pod 副本。Pod 怎样管理多个容器Pod 被设计成支持形成内聚服务单元的多个协作过程（形式为容器）。Pod 中的容器被自动安排到集群中的同一物理机或虚拟机上，并可以一起进行调度。容器之间可以共享资源和依赖、彼此通信、协调何时以及何种方式终止自身。例如，你可能有一个容器，为共享卷中的文件提供 Web 服务器支持，以及一个单独的 “sidecar（挂斗）”容器负责从远端更新这些文件，如下图所示：4、ReplicaSetReplicaSet 的目的是维护一组在任何时候都处于运行状态的 Pod 副本的稳定集合。因此，它通常用来保证给定数量的、完全相同的 Pod 的可用性。ReplicaSet 的工作原理RepicaSet 是通过一组字段来定义的，包括一个用来识别可获得的 Pod 的集合的选择算符，一个用来标明应该维护的副本个数的数值，一个用来指定应该创建新 Pod 以满足副本个数条件时要使用的 Pod 模板等等。每个 ReplicaSet 都通过根据需要创建和 删除 Pod 以使得副本个数达到期望值，进而实现其存在价值。当 ReplicaSet 需要创建 新的 Pod 时，会使用所提供的 Pod 模板。ReplicaSet 通过 Pod 上的 metadata.ownerReferences 字段连接到附属 Pod，该字段给出当前对象的属主资源。ReplicaSet 所获得的 Pod 都在其 ownerReferences 字段中包含了属主 ReplicaSet 的标识信息。正是通过这一连接，ReplicaSet 知道它所维护的 Pod 集合的状态， 并据此计划其操作行为。ReplicaSet 使用其选择算符来辨识要获得的 Pod 集合。如果某个 Pod 没有 OwnerReference 或者其 OwnerReference 不是一个 控制器，且其匹配到 某 ReplicaSet 的选择算符，则该 Pod 立即被此 ReplicaSet 获得。示例：[root@k8s-master-node1 ~/yaml/test]# vim pod.yaml [root@k8s-master-node1 ~/yaml/test]# cat pod.yaml apiVersion: apps/v1kind: ReplicaSetmetadata: name: frontend labels: app: guestbook tier: frontendspec: # modify replicas according to your case replicas: 3 selector: matchLabels: tier: frontend template: metadata: labels: tier: frontend spec: containers: - name: nginx image: nginx[root@k8s-master-node1 ~/yaml/test]#创建[root@k8s-master-node1 ~/yaml/test]# kubectl apply -f pod.yaml replicaset.apps/frontend created查看[root@k8s-master-node1 ~/yaml/test]# kubectl get podNAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGEfrontend-8zxxw 1/1 Running 0 2m26sfrontend-l22df 1/1 Running 0 2m26sfrontend-qnhkr 1/1 Running 0 2m26s[root@k8s-master-node1 ~/yaml/test]#删除[root@k8s-master-node1 ~/yaml/test]# kubectl delete -f pod.yaml replicaset.apps "frontend" deleted[root@k8s-master-node1 ~/yaml/test]# https://blog.csdn.net/qq_33921750https://my.oschina.net/u/3981543https://www.zhihu.com/people/chen-bu-yun-2https://segmentfault.com/u/hppyvyv6/articleshttps://juejin.cn/user/3315782802482007https://space.bilibili.com/352476552/articlehttps://cloud.tencent.com/developer/column/93230知乎、CSDN、开源中国、思否、掘金、哔哩哔哩、腾讯云本文使用 文章同步助手 同步 -
kubernetes核心实战（三）--- ReplicationController 5、ReplicationControllerReplicationController 确保在任何时候都有特定数量的 Pod 副本处于运行状态。换句话说，ReplicationController 确保一个 Pod 或一组同类的 Pod 总是可用的。ReplicationController 如何工作当 Pod 数量过多时，ReplicationController 会终止多余的 Pod。当 Pod 数量太少时，ReplicationController 将会启动新的 Pod。与手动创建的 Pod 不同，由 ReplicationController 创建的 Pod 在失败、被删除或被终止时会被自动替换。例如，在中断性维护（如内核升级）之后，你的 Pod 会在节点上重新创建。因此，即使你的应用程序只需要一个 Pod，你也应该使用 ReplicationController 创建 Pod。ReplicationController 类似于进程管理器，但是 ReplicationController 不是监控单个节点上的单个进程，而是监控跨多个节点的多个 Pod。在讨论中，ReplicationController 通常缩写为 "rc"，并作为 kubectl 命令的快捷方式。一个简单的示例是创建一个 ReplicationController 对象来可靠地无限期地运行 Pod 的一个实例。更复杂的用例是运行一个多副本服务（如 web 服务器）的若干相同副本。示例：[root@k8s-master-node1 ~/yaml/test]# vim rc.yaml [root@k8s-master-node1 ~/yaml/test]# cat rc.yaml apiVersion: v1 kind: ReplicationController metadata: name: nginx spec: replicas: 3 selector: app: nginx template: metadata: name: nginx labels: app: nginx spec: containers: - name: nginx image: nginx ports: - containerPort: 80 [root@k8s-master-node1 ~/yaml/test]#创建[root@k8s-master-node1 ~/yaml/test]# kubectl apply -f rc.yaml replicationcontroller/nginx created [root@k8s-master-node1 ~/yaml/test]#查看pod[root@k8s-master-node1 ~/yaml/test]# kubectl get pod NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE ingress-demo-app-694bf5d965-q4l7m 1/1 Running 0 23h ingress-demo-app-694bf5d965-v652j 1/1 Running 0 23h nfs-client-provisioner-dc5789f74-nnk77 1/1 Running 1 (8h ago) 22h nginx-87sxg 1/1 Running 0 34s nginx-kwrqn 1/1 Running 0 34s nginx-xk2t6 1/1 Running 0 34s [root@k8s-master-node1 ~/yaml/test]#查看rc[root@k8s-master-node1 ~/yaml/test]# kubectl describe replicationcontrollers nginx Name: nginx Namespace: default Selector: app=nginx Labels: app=nginx Annotations: <none> Replicas: 3 current / 3 desired Pods Status: 3 Running / 0 Waiting / 0 Succeeded / 0 Failed Pod Template: Labels: app=nginx Containers: nginx: Image: nginx Port: 80/TCP Host Port: 0/TCP Environment: <none> Mounts: <none> Volumes: <none> Events: Type Reason Age From Message ---- ------ ---- ---- ------- Normal SuccessfulCreate 102s replication-controller Created pod: nginx-xk2t6 Normal SuccessfulCreate 102s replication-controller Created pod: nginx-kwrqn Normal SuccessfulCreate 102s replication-controller Created pod: nginx-87sxg [root@k8s-master-node1 ~/yaml/test]#Linux运维交流社区Linux运维交流社区，互联网新闻以及技术交流。59篇原创内容公众号 https://blog.csdn.net/qq_33921750https://my.oschina.net/u/3981543https://www.zhihu.com/people/chen-bu-yun-2https://segmentfault.com/u/hppyvyv6/articleshttps://juejin.cn/user/3315782802482007https://space.bilibili.com/352476552/articlehttps://cloud.tencent.com/developer/column/93230知乎、CSDN、开源中国、思否、掘金、哔哩哔哩、腾讯云本文使用 文章同步助手 同步
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kubernetes核心实战（四）--- Deployments 6、Deployments（重点）一个 Deployment 控制器为 Pods和 ReplicaSets提供描述性的更新方式。描述 Deployment 中的 desired state，并且 Deployment 控制器以受控速率更改实际状态，以达到期望状态。可以定义 Deployments 以创建新的 ReplicaSets ，或删除现有 Deployments ，并通过新的 Deployments 使用其所有资源。用例以下是典型的 Deployments 用例：创建 Deployment 以展开 ReplicaSet 。ReplicaSet 在后台创建 Pods。检查 ReplicaSet 展开的状态，查看其是否成功。声明 Pod 的新状态 通过更新 Deployment 的 PodTemplateSpec。将创建新的 ReplicaSet ，并且 Deployment 管理器以受控速率将 Pod 从旧 ReplicaSet 移动到新 ReplicaSet 。每个新的 ReplicaSet 都会更新 Deployment 的修改历史。回滚到较早的 Deployment 版本，如果 Deployment 的当前状态不稳定。每次回滚都会更新 Deployment 的修改。扩展 Deployment 以承担更多负载.暂停 Deployment 对其 PodTemplateSpec 进行修改，然后恢复它以启动新的展开。使用 Deployment 状态 作为卡住展开的指示器。清理较旧的 ReplicaSets ，那些不再需要的。1）创建 Deployment[root@k8s-master-node1 ~/yaml/test]# vim deployments.yaml [root@k8s-master-node1 ~/yaml/test]# cat deployments.yaml apiVersion: apps/v1 kind: Deployment metadata: name: nginx-deployment labels: app: nginx spec: replicas: 3 selector: matchLabels: app: nginx template: metadata: labels: app: nginx spec: containers: - name: nginx image: nginx:1.14.2 ports: - containerPort: 80 [root@k8s-master-node1 ~/yaml/test]# [root@k8s-master-node1 ~/yaml/test]# kubectl apply -f deployments.yaml deployment.apps/nginx-deployment created [root@k8s-master-node1 ~/yaml/test]# [root@k8s-master-node1 ~/yaml/test]#含义介绍：在该例中：将创建名为 nginx-deployment 的 Deployment ，由 .metadata.name 字段指示。Deployment 创建三个复制的 Pods，由 replicas 字段指示。selector 字段定义 Deployment 如何查找要管理的 Pods。在这种情况下，只需选择在 Pod 模板（app: nginx）中定义的标签。但是，更复杂的选择规则是可能的，只要 Pod 模板本身满足规则。说明：matchLabels 字段是 {key,value} 的映射。单个 {key,value}在 matchLabels 映射中的值等效于 matchExpressions 的元素，其键字段是“key”，运算符为“In”，值数组仅包含“value”。所有要求，从 matchLabels 和 matchExpressions，必须满足才能匹配。template 字段包含以下子字段：Pod 标记为app: nginx，使用labels字段。Pod 模板规范或 .template.spec 字段指示 Pods 运行一个容器， nginx，运行 nginx Docker Hub版本1.7.9的镜像 。创建一个容器并使用name字段将其命名为 nginx。查看详细的字段解释：[root@k8s-master-node1 ~]# kubectl explain Deployment.spec KIND: Deployment VERSION: apps/v1 RESOURCE: spec <Object> DESCRIPTION: Specification of the desired behavior of the Deployment. DeploymentSpec is the specification of the desired behavior of the Deployment. FIELDS: minReadySeconds<integer> Minimum number of seconds for which a newly created pod should be ready without any of its container crashing, for it to be considered available. Defaults to 0 (pod will be considered available as soon as it is ready) paused<boolean> Indicates that the deployment is paused. progressDeadlineSeconds<integer> The maximum time in seconds for a deployment to make progress before it is considered to be failed. The deployment controller will continue to process failed deployments and a condition with a ProgressDeadlineExceeded reason will be surfaced in the deployment status. Note that progress will not be estimated during the time a deployment is paused. Defaults to 600s. replicas<integer> Number of desired pods. This is a pointer to distinguish between explicit zero and not specified. Defaults to 1. revisionHistoryLimit<integer> The number of old ReplicaSets to retain to allow rollback. This is a pointer to distinguish between explicit zero and not specified. Defaults to 10. selector <Object> -required- Label selector for pods. Existing ReplicaSets whose pods are selected by this will be the ones affected by this deployment. It must match the pod template's labels. strategy<Object> The deployment strategy to use to replace existing pods with new ones. template <Object> -required- Template describes the pods that will be created. [root@k8s-master-node1 ~]#查看pod[root@k8s-master-node1 ~/yaml/test]# kubectl get pod NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE ingress-demo-app-694bf5d965-q4l7m 1/1 Terminating 0 23h ingress-demo-app-694bf5d965-v28sl 1/1 Running 0 3m9s ingress-demo-app-694bf5d965-v652j 1/1 Running 0 23h nfs-client-provisioner-dc5789f74-nnk77 1/1 Running 1 (8h ago) 22h nginx-deployment-66b6c48dd5-5hhjq 1/1 Running 0 3m9s nginx-deployment-66b6c48dd5-9z2n5 1/1 Running 0 3m19s nginx-deployment-66b6c48dd5-llq7c 1/1 Running 0 9m10s [root@k8s-master-node1 ~/yaml/test]#查看deployments[root@k8s-master-node1 ~/yaml/test]# kubectl get deployments.apps NAME READY UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE AGE ingress-demo-app 2/2 2 2 23h nfs-client-provisioner 1/1 1 1 22h nginx-deployment 3/3 3 3 9m45s [root@k8s-master-node1 ~/yaml/test]#解释说明：检查集群中的 Deployments 时，将显示以下字段：NAME 列出了集群中 Deployments 的名称。DESIRED 显示应用程序的所需 副本 数，在创建 Deployment 时定义这些副本。这是 期望状态。CURRENT显示当前正在运行的副本数。UP-TO-DATE显示已更新以实现期望状态的副本数。AVAILABLE显示应用程序可供用户使用的副本数。AGE 显示应用程序运行的时间量。查看rs[root@k8s-master-node1 ~/yaml/test]# kubectl get replicasets.apps NAME DESIRED CURRENT READY AGE ingress-demo-app-694bf5d965 2 2 2 23h nfs-client-provisioner-dc5789f74 1 1 1 23h nginx-deployment-66b6c48dd5 3 3 3 19m [root@k8s-master-node1 ~/yaml/test]#查看pods的标签[root@k8s-master-node1 ~/yaml/test]# kubectl get pods --show-labels NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE LABELS ingress-demo-app-694bf5d965-q4l7m 1/1 Terminating 0 23h app=ingress-demo-app,pod-template-hash=694bf5d965 ingress-demo-app-694bf5d965-v28sl 1/1 Running 0 15m app=ingress-demo-app,pod-template-hash=694bf5d965 ingress-demo-app-694bf5d965-v652j 1/1 Running 0 23h app=ingress-demo-app,pod-template-hash=694bf5d965 nfs-client-provisioner-dc5789f74-nnk77 1/1 Running 1 (8h ago) 23h app=nfs-client-provisioner,pod-template-hash=dc5789f74 nginx-deployment-66b6c48dd5-48k9j 0/1 Terminating 0 21m app=nginx,pod-template-hash=66b6c48dd5 nginx-deployment-66b6c48dd5-5hhjq 1/1 Running 0 15m app=nginx,pod-template-hash=66b6c48dd5 nginx-deployment-66b6c48dd5-9z2n5 1/1 Running 0 15m app=nginx,pod-template-hash=66b6c48dd5 nginx-deployment-66b6c48dd5-kvzft 0/1 Terminating 0 21m app=nginx,pod-template-hash=66b6c48dd5 nginx-deployment-66b6c48dd5-llq7c 1/1 Running 0 21m app=nginx,pod-template-hash=66b6c48dd5 [root@k8s-master-node1 ~/yaml/test]#2）更新回滚 Deployment命令行行升级使用镜像[root@k8s-master-node1 ~/yaml/test]# kubectl get deployments -o wide NAME READY UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE AGE CONTAINERS IMAGES SELECTOR ingress-demo-app 2/2 2 2 23h whoami traefik/whoami:v1.6.1 app=ingress-demo-app nfs-client-provisioner 1/1 1 1 23h nfs-client-provisioner registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/lfy_k8s_images/nfs-subdir-external-provisioner:v4.0.2 app=nfs-client-provisioner nginx-deployment 3/3 3 3 18m nginx nginx:1.14.2 app=nginx [root@k8s-master-node1 ~/yaml/test]# [root@k8s-master-node1 ~/yaml/test]# kubectl --record deployment.apps/nginx-deployment set image deployment.v1.apps/nginx-deployment nginx=nginx:1.20.1 Flag --record has been deprecated, --record will be removed in the future deployment.apps/nginx-deployment image updated deployment.apps/nginx-deployment image updated [root@k8s-master-node1 ~/yaml/test]# [root@k8s-master-node1 ~/yaml/test]# kubectl get deployments -o wide NAME READY UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE AGE CONTAINERS IMAGES SELECTOR ingress-demo-app 2/2 2 2 23h whoami traefik/whoami:v1.6.1 app=ingress-demo-app nfs-client-provisioner 1/1 1 1 23h nfs-client-provisioner registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/lfy_k8s_images/nfs-subdir-external-provisioner:v4.0.2 app=nfs-client-provisioner nginx-deployment 3/3 1 3 24m nginx nginx:1.20.1 app=nginx [root@k8s-master-node1 ~/yaml/test]#yaml方式修改镜像[root@k8s-master-node1 ~/yaml/test]# kubectl edit deployments.apps nginx-deployment Edit cancelled, no changes made. [root@k8s-master-node1 ~/yaml/test]#查看更新过程[root@k8s-master-node1 ~/yaml/test]# kubectl rollout status deployment.v1.apps/nginx-deployment Waiting for deployment "nginx-deployment" rollout to finish: 1 out of 3 new replicas have been updated... Waiting for deployment "nginx-deployment" rollout to finish: 1 out of 3 new replicas have been updated... Waiting for deployment "nginx-deployment" rollout to finish: 1 out of 3 new replicas have been updated... Waiting for deployment "nginx-deployment" rollout to finish: 2 out of 3 new replicas have been updated... Waiting for deployment "nginx-deployment" rollout to finish: 2 out of 3 new replicas have been updated... Waiting for deployment "nginx-deployment" rollout to finish: 2 out of 3 new replicas have been updated... Waiting for deployment "nginx-deployment" rollout to finish: 1 old replicas are pending termination... Waiting for deployment "nginx-deployment" rollout to finish: 1 old replicas are pending termination... deployment "nginx-deployment" successfully rolled out [root@k8s-master-node1 ~/yaml/test]#查看详细信息[root@k8s-master-node1 ~/yaml/test]# kubectl describe deployments Name: ingress-demo-app Namespace: default CreationTimestamp: Tue, 16 Nov 2021 13:28:26 +0800 Labels: app=ingress-demo-app Annotations: deployment.kubernetes.io/revision: 1 Selector: app=ingress-demo-app Replicas: 2 desired | 2 updated | 2 total | 2 available | 0 unavailable StrategyType: RollingUpdate MinReadySeconds: 0 RollingUpdateStrategy: 25% max unavailable, 25% max surge Pod Template: Labels: app=ingress-demo-app Containers: whoami: Image: traefik/whoami:v1.6.1 Port: 80/TCP Host Port: 0/TCP Environment: <none> Mounts: <none> Volumes: <none> Conditions: Type Status Reason ---- ------ ------ Progressing True NewReplicaSetAvailable Available True MinimumReplicasAvailable OldReplicaSets: <none> NewReplicaSet: ingress-demo-app-694bf5d965 (2/2 replicas created) Events: Type Reason Age From Message ---- ------ ---- ---- ------- Normal ScalingReplicaSet 23h deployment-controller Scaled up replica set ingress-demo-app-694bf5d965 to 2 Name: nfs-client-provisioner Namespace: default CreationTimestamp: Tue, 16 Nov 2021 14:07:33 +0800 Labels: app=nfs-client-provisioner Annotations: deployment.kubernetes.io/revision: 1 Selector: app=nfs-client-provisioner Replicas: 1 desired | 1 updated | 1 total | 1 available | 0 unavailable StrategyType: Recreate MinReadySeconds: 0 Pod Template: Labels: app=nfs-client-provisioner Service Account: nfs-client-provisioner Containers: nfs-client-provisioner: Image: registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/lfy_k8s_images/nfs-subdir-external-provisioner:v4.0.2 Port: <none> Host Port: <none> Environment: PROVISIONER_NAME: k8s-sigs.io/nfs-subdir-external-provisioner NFS_SERVER: 192.168.1.66 NFS_PATH: /nfs/ Mounts: /persistentvolumes from nfs-client-root (rw) Volumes: nfs-client-root: Type: NFS (an NFS mount that lasts the lifetime of a pod) Server: 192.168.1.66 Path: /nfs/ ReadOnly: false Conditions: Type Status Reason ---- ------ ------ Progressing True NewReplicaSetAvailable Available True MinimumReplicasAvailable OldReplicaSets: <none> NewReplicaSet: nfs-client-provisioner-dc5789f74 (1/1 replicas created) Events: Type Reason Age From Message ---- ------ ---- ---- ------- Normal ScalingReplicaSet 23h deployment-controller Scaled up replica set nfs-client-provisioner-dc5789f74 to 1 Name: nginx-deployment Namespace: default CreationTimestamp: Wed, 17 Nov 2021 12:54:46 +0800 Labels: app=nginx Annotations: deployment.kubernetes.io/revision: 3 kubernetes.io/change-cause: kubectl deployment.apps/nginx-deployment set image deployment.v1.apps/nginx-deployment nginx=nginx:1.20.1 --record=true Selector: app=nginx Replicas: 3 desired | 3 updated | 3 total | 3 available | 0 unavailable StrategyType: RollingUpdate MinReadySeconds: 0 RollingUpdateStrategy: 25% max unavailable, 25% max surge Pod Template: Labels: app=nginx Containers: nginx: Image: nginx:1.16.1 Port: 80/TCP Host Port: 0/TCP Environment: <none> Mounts: <none> Volumes: <none> Conditions: Type Status Reason ---- ------ ------ Available True MinimumReplicasAvailable Progressing True NewReplicaSetAvailable OldReplicaSets: <none> NewReplicaSet: nginx-deployment-559d658b74 (3/3 replicas created) Events: Type Reason Age From Message ---- ------ ---- ---- ------- Normal ScalingReplicaSet 30m deployment-controller Scaled up replica set nginx-deployment-66b6c48dd5 to 3 Normal ScalingReplicaSet 5m55s deployment-controller Scaled up replica set nginx-deployment-58b9b8ff79 to 1 Normal ScalingReplicaSet 5m27s deployment-controller Scaled down replica set nginx-deployment-66b6c48dd5 to 2 Normal ScalingReplicaSet 5m27s deployment-controller Scaled up replica set nginx-deployment-58b9b8ff79 to 2 Normal ScalingReplicaSet 5m deployment-controller Scaled down replica set nginx-deployment-66b6c48dd5 to 1 Normal ScalingReplicaSet 5m deployment-controller Scaled up replica set nginx-deployment-58b9b8ff79 to 3 Normal ScalingReplicaSet 4m56s deployment-controller Scaled down replica set nginx-deployment-66b6c48dd5 to 0 Normal ScalingReplicaSet 78s deployment-controller Scaled up replica set nginx-deployment-559d658b74 to 1 Normal ScalingReplicaSet 63s deployment-controller Scaled down replica set nginx-deployment-58b9b8ff79 to 2 Normal ScalingReplicaSet 63s deployment-controller Scaled up replica set nginx-deployment-559d658b74 to 2 Normal ScalingReplicaSet 49s (x3 over 61s) deployment-controller (combined from similar events): Scaled down replica set nginx-deployment-58b9b8ff79 to 0 [root@k8s-master-node1 ~/yaml/test]# [root@k8s-master-node1 ~/yaml/test]# [root@k8s-master-node1 ~/yaml/test]#3） Deployment历史记录查看历史[root@k8s-master-node1 ~/yaml/test]# kubectl rollout history deployment.v1.apps/nginx-deployment deployment.apps/nginx-deployment REVISION CHANGE-CAUSE 1 <none> 2 kubectl deployment.apps/nginx-deployment set image deployment.v1.apps/nginx-deployment nginx=nginx:1.20.1 --record=true 3 kubectl deployment.apps/nginx-deployment set image deployment.v1.apps/nginx-deployment nginx=nginx:1.20.1 --record=true [root@k8s-master-node1 ~/yaml/test]#回滚到上次[root@k8s-master-node1 ~/yaml/test]# kubectl rollout undo deployment.v1.apps/nginx-deployment deployment.apps/nginx-deployment rolled back [root@k8s-master-node1 ~/yaml/test]# kubectl rollout status deployment.v1.apps/nginx-deployment Waiting for deployment "nginx-deployment" rollout to finish: 1 old replicas are pending termination... Waiting for deployment "nginx-deployment" rollout to finish: 1 old replicas are pending termination... deployment "nginx-deployment" successfully rolled out [root@k8s-master-node1 ~/yaml/test]#回滚到指定版本[root@k8s-master-node1 ~/yaml/test]# kubectl rollout undo deployment.v1.apps/nginx-deployment --to-revision=3 deployment.apps/nginx-deployment rolled back [root@k8s-master-node1 ~/yaml/test]# kubectl rollout status deployment.v1.apps/nginx-deployment Waiting for deployment "nginx-deployment" rollout to finish: 2 out of 3 new replicas have been updated... Waiting for deployment "nginx-deployment" rollout to finish: 2 out of 3 new replicas have been updated... Waiting for deployment "nginx-deployment" rollout to finish: 2 out of 3 new replicas have been updated... Waiting for deployment "nginx-deployment" rollout to finish: 1 old replicas are pending termination... Waiting for deployment "nginx-deployment" rollout to finish: 1 old replicas are pending termination... deployment "nginx-deployment" successfully rolled out [root@k8s-master-node1 ~/yaml/test]#4）缩放 Deployment扩容到十个pod[root@k8s-master-node1 ~/yaml/test]# kubectl scale deployment.v1.apps/nginx-deployment --replicas=10 deployment.apps/nginx-deployment scaled [root@k8s-master-node1 ~/yaml/test]# [root@k8s-master-node1 ~/yaml/test]# kubectl get deployments.apps NAME READY UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE AGE ingress-demo-app 0/2 2 0 24h nfs-client-provisioner 0/1 1 0 23h nginx-deployment 5/10 10 5 45m [root@k8s-master-node1 ~/yaml/test]#假设启用水平自动缩放 Pod在集群中，可以为 Deployment 设置自动缩放器，并选择最小和最大 要基于现有 Pods 的 CPU 利用率运行的 Pods。[root@k8s-master-node1 ~/yaml/test]# kubectl autoscale deployment.v1.apps/nginx-deployment --min=10 --max=15 --cpu-percent=80 horizontalpodautoscaler.autoscaling/nginx-deployment autoscaled [root@k8s-master-node1 ~/yaml/test]# [root@k8s-master-node1 ~/yaml/test]# https://blog.csdn.net/qq_33921750https://my.oschina.net/u/3981543https://www.zhihu.com/people/chen-bu-yun-2https://segmentfault.com/u/hppyvyv6/articleshttps://juejin.cn/user/3315782802482007https://space.bilibili.com/352476552/articlehttps://cloud.tencent.com/developer/column/93230知乎、CSDN、开源中国、思否、掘金、哔哩哔哩、腾讯云本文使用 文章同步助手 同步
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kubernetes核心实战（六）--- ConfigMap 8、ConfigMap抽取应用配置，并且可以自动更新创建配置文件[root@k8s-master-node1 ~/yaml/test]# vim configmap.yaml [root@k8s-master-node1 ~/yaml/test]# cat configmap.yaml apiVersion: v1 data: redis.conf: | appendonly yes kind: ConfigMap metadata: name: redis-conf namespace: default [root@k8s-master-node1 ~/yaml/test]# [root@k8s-master-node1 ~/yaml/test]# kubectl apply -f configmap.yaml configmap/redis-conf created [root@k8s-master-node1 ~/yaml/test]#查看配置[root@k8s-master-node1 ~/yaml/test]# kubectl get configmaps NAME DATA AGE kube-root-ca.crt 1 110m redis-conf 1 18s [root@k8s-master-node1 ~/yaml/test]#9、DaemonSetDaemonSet 确保全部（或者某些）节点上运行一个 Pod 的副本。当有节点加入集群时， 也会为他们新增一个 Pod 。当有节点从集群移除时，这些 Pod 也会被回收。删除 DaemonSet 将会删除它创建的所有 Pod。DaemonSet 的一些典型用法：在每个节点上运行集群存守护进程在每个节点上运行日志收集守护进程在每个节点上运行监控守护进程一种简单的用法是为每种类型的守护进程在所有的节点上都启动一个 DaemonSet。一个稍微复杂的用法是为同一种守护进程部署多个 DaemonSet；每个具有不同的标志， 并且对不同硬件类型具有不同的内存、CPU 要求。创建[root@k8s-master-node1 ~/yaml/test]# vim daemonset.yaml [root@k8s-master-node1 ~/yaml/test]# [root@k8s-master-node1 ~/yaml/test]# [root@k8s-master-node1 ~/yaml/test]# cat daemonset.yaml apiVersion: apps/v1 kind: DaemonSet metadata: name: redis-app labels: k8s-app: redis-app spec: selector: matchLabels: name: fluentd-redis template: metadata: labels: name: fluentd-redis spec: tolerations: # this toleration is to have the daemonset runnable on master nodes # remove it if your masters can't run pods - key: node-role.kubernetes.io/master effect: NoSchedule containers: - name: fluentd-redis image: redis command: - redis-server - "/redis-master/redis.conf" #指的是redis容器内部的位置 ports: - containerPort: 6379 resources: limits: memory: 200Mi requests: cpu: 100m memory: 200Mi volumeMounts: - name: data mountPath: /data - name: config mountPath: /redis-master readOnly: true terminationGracePeriodSeconds: 30 volumes: - name: data emptyDir: {} - name: config configMap: name: redis-conf items: - key: redis.conf path: redis.conf [root@k8s-master-node1 ~/yaml/test]# [root@k8s-master-node1 ~/yaml/test]# [root@k8s-master-node1 ~/yaml/test]# kubectl apply -f daemonset.yaml daemonset.apps/redis-app created [root@k8s-master-node1 ~/yaml/test]# [root@k8s-master-node1 ~/yaml/test]#查看[root@k8s-master-node1 ~/yaml/test]# [root@k8s-master-node1 ~/yaml/test]# kubectl get pod NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE ingress-demo-app-694bf5d965-8rh7f 1/1 Running 0 130m ingress-demo-app-694bf5d965-swkpb 1/1 Running 0 130m nfs-client-provisioner-dc5789f74-5bznq 1/1 Running 0 114m redis-app-86g4q 1/1 Running 0 28s redis-app-rt92n 1/1 Running 0 28s redis-app-vkzft 1/1 Running 0 28s web-0 1/1 Running 0 64m web-1 1/1 Running 0 63m web-2 1/1 Running 0 63m [root@k8s-master-node1 ~/yaml/test]# kubectl get daemonsets.apps NAME DESIRED CURRENT READY UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE NODE SELECTOR AGE redis-app 3 3 3 3 3 <none> 38s [root@k8s-master-node1 ~/yaml/test]#Linux运维交流社区Linux运维交流社区，互联网新闻以及技术交流。62篇原创内容公众号 https://blog.csdn.net/qq_33921750https://my.oschina.net/u/3981543https://www.zhihu.com/people/chen-bu-yun-2https://segmentfault.com/u/hppyvyv6/articleshttps://juejin.cn/user/3315782802482007https://space.bilibili.com/352476552/articlehttps://cloud.tencent.com/developer/column/93230知乎、CSDN、开源中国、思否、掘金、哔哩哔哩、腾讯云本文使用 文章同步助手 同步
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kubernetes核心实战（七）--- job、CronJob、Secret 10、job任务使用perl，做pi的圆周率计算[root@k8s-master-node1 ~/yaml/test]# vim job.yaml [root@k8s-master-node1 ~/yaml/test]# cat job.yaml apiVersion: batch/v1 kind: Job metadata: name: pi spec: template: spec: containers: - name: pi image: perl command: ["perl", "-Mbignum=bpi", "-wle", "print bpi(2000)"] restartPolicy: Never backoffLimit: 4 [root@k8s-master-node1 ~/yaml/test]# [root@k8s-master-node1 ~/yaml/test]# kubectl apply -f job.yaml job.batch/pi created [root@k8s-master-node1 ~/yaml/test]#查看任务[root@k8s-master-node1 ~/yaml/test]# kubectl get pod NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE ingress-demo-app-694bf5d965-8rh7f 1/1 Running 0 134m ingress-demo-app-694bf5d965-swkpb 1/1 Running 0 134m nfs-client-provisioner-dc5789f74-5bznq 1/1 Running 0 118m pi--1-k5cbq 0/1 Completed 0 115s redis-app-86g4q 1/1 Running 0 4m14s redis-app-rt92n 1/1 Running 0 4m14s redis-app-vkzft 1/1 Running 0 4m14s web-0 1/1 Running 0 67m web-1 1/1 Running 0 67m web-2 1/1 Running 0 67m [root@k8s-master-node1 ~/yaml/test]# kubectl get job NAME COMPLETIONS DURATION AGE pi 1/1 84s 2m [root@k8s-master-node1 ~/yaml/test]#查看计算结果[root@k8s-master-node1 ~/yaml/test]# kubectl logs pi--1-k5cbq 3.1415926535897932384626433832795028841971693993751058209749445923078164062862089986280348253421170679821480865132823066470938446095505822317253594081284811174502841027019385211055596446229489549303819644288109756659334461284756482337867831652712019091456485669234603486104543266482133936072602491412737245870066063155881748815209209628292540917153643678925903600113305305488204665213841469519415116094330572703657595919530921861173819326117931051185480744623799627495673518857527248912279381830119491298336733624406566430860213949463952247371907021798609437027705392171762931767523846748184676694051320005681271452635608277857713427577896091736371787214684409012249534301465495853710507922796892589235420199561121290219608640344181598136297747713099605187072113499999983729780499510597317328160963185950244594553469083026425223082533446850352619311881710100031378387528865875332083814206171776691473035982534904287554687311595628638823537875937519577818577805321712268066130019278766111959092164201989380952572010654858632788659361533818279682303019520353018529689957736225994138912497217752834791315155748572424541506959508295331168617278558890750983817546374649393192550604009277016711390098488240128583616035637076601047101819429555961989467678374494482553797747268471040475346462080466842590694912933136770289891521047521620569660240580381501935112533824300355876402474964732639141992726042699227967823547816360093417216412199245863150302861829745557067498385054945885869269956909272107975093029553211653449872027559602364806654991198818347977535663698074265425278625518184175746728909777727938000816470600161452491921732172147723501414419735685481613611573525521334757418494684385233239073941433345477624168625189835694855620992192221842725502542568876717904946016534668049886272327917860857843838279679766814541009538837863609506800642251252051173929848960841284886269456042419652850222106611863067442786220391949450471237137869609563643719172874677646575739624138908658326459958133904780275901[root@k8s-master-node1 ~/yaml/test]#11、CronJobCronJobs 对于创建周期性的、反复重复的任务很有用，例如执行数据备份或者发送邮件。CronJobs 也可以用来计划在指定时间来执行的独立任务，例如计划当集群看起来很空闲时 执行某个 Job。创建任务[root@k8s-master-node1 ~/yaml/test]# vim cronjob.yaml [root@k8s-master-node1 ~/yaml/test]# [root@k8s-master-node1 ~/yaml/test]# cat cronjob.yaml apiVersion: batch/v1beta1 kind: CronJob metadata: name: hello spec: schedule: "*/1 * * * *" jobTemplate: spec: template: spec: containers: - name: hello image: busybox args: - /bin/sh - -c - date; echo Hello from the Kubernetes cluster restartPolicy: OnFailure [root@k8s-master-node1 ~/yaml/test]# [root@k8s-master-node1 ~/yaml/test]# kubectl apply -f cronjob.yaml Warning: batch/v1beta1 CronJob is deprecated in v1.21+, unavailable in v1.25+; use batch/v1 CronJob cronjob.batch/hello created [root@k8s-master-node1 ~/yaml/test]# kubectl get cronjobs.batch NAME SCHEDULE SUSPEND ACTIVE LAST SCHEDULE AGE hello */1 * * * * False 0 <none> 21s [root@k8s-master-node1 ~/yaml/test]# [root@k8s-master-node1 ~/yaml/test]#查看结果[root@k8s-master-node1 ~/yaml/test]# kubectl logs hello-27285668--1-zqg92 Wed Nov 17 09:08:18 UTC 2021 Hello from the Kubernetes cluster [root@k8s-master-node1 ~/yaml/test]#12、SecretSecret 对象类型用来保存敏感信息，例如密码、OAuth 令牌和 SSH 密钥。将这些信息放在 secret 中比放在 Pod 的定义或者 容器镜像 中来说更加安全和灵活。kubectl create secret docker-registry regcred \ --docker-server=<你的镜像仓库服务器> \ --docker-username=<你的用户名> \ --docker-password=<你的密码> \ --docker-email=<你的邮箱地址>apiVersion: v1 kind: Pod metadata: name: private-nginx spec: containers: - name: private-nginx image: chenbuyun/my-app:v1.0 imagePullSecrets: - name: regcred https://blog.csdn.net/qq_33921750https://my.oschina.net/u/3981543https://www.zhihu.com/people/chen-bu-yun-2https://segmentfault.com/u/hppyvyv6/articleshttps://juejin.cn/user/3315782802482007https://space.bilibili.com/352476552/articlehttps://cloud.tencent.com/developer/column/93230知乎、CSDN、开源中国、思否、掘金、哔哩哔哩、腾讯云本文使用 文章同步助手 同步